On the impossibility of pleasing everyone and anyone.

As much as one tries, I think it is impossible to please everyone at any one time. It is also, sadly, impossible to please anyone, at all times. Meaning, that at some time, one is bound to displease someone.

I have written many posts over the past few years. I have come to notice that whenever I write anything that expresses a clear opinion, that it always excites a variety of responses. Some like the comment and approve. Others are critical of the comment but reasoned in their replies. Some, however, are clearly displeased and express their thoughts either sarcastically or in a hostile manner. It is this latter group that take much of the pleasure out of writing. They make the writer's life punishing at times. There is, therefore, a force that drives one to silence. If a writer, writes too much that is clear in opinion and strongly felt, eventually that writer might find it better to keep quiet: the consequences of writing such views are frequently not pleasant to bear. This does not happen to all of my posts - but it does happen to some. It is usually those which touch on Singaporean life...these tend to excite mixed responses, some of them hostile. I must confess that makes me regret commenting.

In a more general fashion, beyond that of writing, there will always be those who disapprove of anything one does in life. The saddest part of this, of course, is that the ultimate logic leads one to conclude that it is impossible to please anyone at all. You see, any action, will be dissaproved of by some...but given a large enough number of different actions, it is sure that EVERYONE will disapprove of at least one action, thought or deed.

Generally, in life, I try very hard to please those close to me in life. Sometimes I fail. If I have failed to please you (for some readers know me), then I am sorry. I tried hard to please you, at all times...sometimes, however, I get it wrong.

I think the hardest thing about being human is getting the communication right, between people...there is always the possibility of failure in that arena, on some level, with inevitable negative consequences. I wish I was perfect at it - but I am not. I suppose that none of us are. I am however, trying...and that is all that any of us can do.

(If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to:http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.

IMDB is the Internet Movie Database for film and tv professionals.If you would like to look at my IMDb listing for which another fifteen credits are to be uploaded, (which will probably take several months before they are accepted) please go to: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3438598/ As I write, the listing is new and brief - however, by the time you read this it might have a dozen or a score of credits...so please do take a look. My son, Ainan Celeste Cawley, also has an IMDb listing. His is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3305973/ My wife, Syahidah Osman Cawley, has a listing as well. Hers is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3463926/

This blog is copyright Valentine Cawley. Unauthorized duplication prohibited. Use Only with Permission. Thank you.)

Welcome readers from Malaysia.

I note that hundreds of readers are arriving from Malaysia, today. Welcome.

Now, such a surge in readers usually means that an article has been printed somewhere: could you let me know where so that I might be able to secure a copy? Thanks...please just tell me in the comments below.

If you are new to my blog, you might be unaware that there is a guide. Please go to: http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html

On this page, you will find links to many of the posts, each with a brief description to help you with selection. Just scroll down until you find something you like.

I hope you enjoy reading and return to read again, soon. I update usually every day. This blog covers the doings of Ainan and my other two sons, as well as comment on life in Singapore and life in general.

Thank you.

(If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to:http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.

IMDB is the Internet Movie Database for film and tv professionals.If you would like to look at my IMDb listing for which another fifteen credits are to be uploaded, (which will probably take several months before they are accepted) please go to: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3438598/ As I write, the listing is new and brief - however, by the time you read this it might have a dozen or a score of credits...so please do take a look. My son, Ainan Celeste Cawley, also has an IMDb listing. His is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3305973/ My wife, Syahidah Osman Cawley, has a listing as well. Hers is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3463926/

This blog is copyright Valentine Cawley. Unauthorized duplication prohibited. Use Only with Permission. Thank you.)

IMDb Starmeter: up, up, up and away!

The IMDb Starmeter is a very interesting idea. It is found on the Internet Movie Database. What it does, quite simply, is measure the interests of the global internet audience - more specifically, WHO they are interested in, and by how much.

Everyone who is included on IMDb, the Internet Movie Database, has a Starmeter reading. This ranks them in relation to every other celebrity, tv and film professional in history. Well, almost. You see, it is a funny thing, but almost everyone who has distinguished themselves from the 20th century onwards has ended up on television at some time or another - as a result, they have ended up on IMDb, too. The IMDb Starmeter measures the number of people who click on a person's home page on IMDb and tallies up the global interest in that person. Then each person is ranked with respect to every other person. The result is an ordered list of whom, in the world, everyone is interested in.

Not only does the IMDb Starmeter rank people, but the home page of every person listed shows the change in interest in that person, week on week. This is a direct measure of fluctuations in traffic to that person's IMDb page.

Now, a couple of months ago, someone began a listing for my family because of a tv show we had done in the UK. Since then, I have noticed something I think is unusual: every week, our Starmeters have risen. Thus, for a full consecutive two month period, interest in reading our IMDb home pages, has increased week on week. In the last week, for instance, interest in my home page has risen 122% and interest in Ainan's home page has risen 182%. These are pretty big gains considering that in the last eight weeks or so, there have been gains each and every week of anything between 11% and 639%.

So, if you would like to check out our IMDb pages - which are being updated over time, with new credits and listings as and when they are approved, please take a look at the links below. If you would like to track them over time, just take a look every week or so. They are updated at the beginning of the week, US time.

(If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to:http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.IMDB is the Internet Movie Database for film and tv professionals.

If you would like to look at my IMDb listing for which another fifteen credits are to be uploaded, (which will probably take several months before they are accepted) please go to: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3438598/ As I write, the listing is new and brief - however, by the time you read this it might have a dozen or a score of credits...so please do take a look. My son, Ainan Celeste Cawley, also has an IMDb listing. His is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3305973/ My wife, Syahidah Osman Cawley, has a listing as well. Hers is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3463926/

This blog is copyright Valentine Cawley. Unauthorized duplication prohibited. Use Only with Permission. Thank you.)

Where is The Knowledge in a "Knowledge economy"?

"The Knowledge" is a term used to describe the detailed understanding of the streets of London that London cab drivers (taxi drivers) have. Cabbies spend sometimes years learning their way around the streets of London before they are allowed to become London cab drivers. The Knowledge involves memorizing 320 routes through London, allowing them to take the shortest route between any two points in the central London area. It covers a six mile radius around Charing Cross and takes in all theatres and public buildings. The result is that a London taxi driver knows exactly where to go to get you where you want. Sadly, this is not so in Singapore.

Singapore has something called The Ignorance. This is a system whereby all new taxi drivers are required not to have a clue where to go. This rigorous selection system ensures that no new taxi driver will be able to take you anywhere you want, without detailed instructions from the passenger. If a new taxi driver is given free rein to drive you where they want, this will inevitably involve a random tour around the island as he hopes to stumble on your location by chance. The Ignorance is the Singapore government's way of ensuring that taxi drivers can afford the daily hire charge for their cabs, by inflating the prices to all customers through unnecessarily long routes. It is a characteristically ingenious way, invented by government approved scholars, of ensuring that Singapore's competitors in South East Asia have a fair chance of catching up on Singapore's lead, by guaranteeing that no businessman will be able to get to a meeting on time, nor anyone else to their work place before it closes for business, for the day.

I encountered The Ignorance the other day, when we had to take a trip to Cable Road. Now, as every good cabby should know, Cable Road is next to the Malaysian High Commission. So, it would seem that every cab driver should know where that was. However, this was not the case. The cabbies had been well and truly trained in The Ignorance.

The first driver stopped pretty promptly, when we flagged. I take this to mean that he is desperate for cash on what must be a bad business day - since it is customary, in Singapore, for taxi drivers to drive around empty, with their blue lights on, forcing you to make a call out and pay the charges for doing so. This cabby, however, stopped. I should have known it was a bad sign.

My wife said: "Cable road", as she opened the door, just to check he knew where he was going.

He nodded, as if all knowing. He was about 200 years old, so he should have been, by now. That is another thing about Singaporean cab drivers - they seem to be the oldest in the world. The reason is simple: Singapore has no pensions and the old folk are desperate for cash. Furthermore, Singapore is a deeply ageist society and doesn't like employing anyone older than fifty or so - indeed, sometimes those retrenched in their forties find it hard to get a new job. One day, teenagers will find it hard to get a job, here. They will employ embryos only.

So, we drove off. A little down the road, however, there was something hesitant about this particular ancient driver. He looked from left to right as if he was not quite sure, not where he was, but what a road was. That was worrying.

My wife piped up: "Cable Road, uncle...Cable Road..."

"Farrer Road...Farrer Road...", he repeated, perhaps in the hope that he could change our destination to somewhere that pleased him.

"Cable Road...Cable Road...", repeated my wife.

"Cable Road? Sorry, uh?"

"Let's get out." I decided.

I had to repeat it three times before he slowed the cab to let us out.

The next driver also stopped promptly. Boy these cab drivers must be suffering.

This time, we were more wary.

"Don't get in, until he shows he knows the way." I urged my wife.

"Cable Road.", she said, to the driver, leaning into the open taxi, just enough to be heard.

"Cable Road?", he said, as if we had spoken in Martian, "There is NO Cable Road."

"Yes there is." I said, knowing that otherwise someone we knew would have a hard time explaining how they lived on it.

We shut the door and let him drive on, confident that if he didn't know about it, it couldn't exist. I found this an interesting variation on The Ignorance: the idea that if he didn't know about it, it couldn't be because he didn't know about it, but because it must not exist: how ego-preserving - and how very Singaporean.

The third driver also stopped promptly. I was getting worried.

"Cable Road.", said my wife, half-expecting its existence to be questioned.

"C-A-B-L-E R-O-A-D." he said, so slowly, it was abundantly clear that he was, momentarily at least, lost.

We waited while he processed the destination.

"Ah...yes, the Malaysian High Comm." he said, at last.

He knew where it was.

We got in.

Now, here is a question: in a country as small and simply organized as Singapore is, should it really take three taxi drivers, to find ONE who knows where the Malaysian High Commission is? (We weren't going there, but somewhere very near by).

The real puzzle of this is that a taxi driver once told me that before they are allowed to drive, they are supposed to learn where all the main hotels and embassies are, so the foreigners won't be disappointed by the drivers. Well, we were disappointed - and yet we were going to one of the destinations they are supposed to have learnt about.

It is time for Singapore to set aside The Ignorance so carefully cultivated in their drivers and replace it with something similar to The Knowledge. A country whose taxi drivers don't know where they are going, is a country that has yet, truly, to arrive in the First World.

So, the question is: does Singapore want a First World image, or a Third World image? Part of the formula to that impression lies in whether taxi drivers have a clue where they are going. Presently, many Singaporean drivers don't. That has to change.

(If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to:http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.

IMDB is the Internet Movie Database for film and tv professionals.If you would like to look at my IMDb listing for which another fifteen credits are to be uploaded, (which will probably take several months before they are accepted) please go to: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3438598/ As I write, the listing is new and brief - however, by the time you read this it might have a dozen or a score of credits...so please do take a look. My son, Ainan Celeste Cawley, also has an IMDb listing. His is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3305973/ My wife, Syahidah Osman Cawley, has a listing as well. Hers is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3463926/

This blog is copyright Valentine Cawley. Unauthorized duplication prohibited. Use Only with Permission. Thank you.)

"Not one of us".

I overheard part of a conversation, on the bus, the other day, between two Singaporean teenagers. I thought it most revealing of attitudes that permeate this society.

"He is not one of us.", said one of the boys to the other. Both boys were a little chubby, so I had to wonder what "One of us" meant.

I found my ears pricking up, in attention.

They were a bit far to hear perfectly, so the conversation tended to fade in and out of comprehension. Therefore, I only heard those things which the speaking boy said with a little more fervency.

"...he doesn't have any passion," he explained to his friend, "He only does it out of forced necessity."

His friend said nothing, but listened, nodding every now and again, as if both urging his friend on and agreeing with him. Clearly, he deferred to his friend in conversation and probably in life. I felt that what he was hearing was at odds with his initial view, however. I felt that he was being persuaded to accept a different viewpoint on the "he" of the conversation.

"He is NOT one of us." concluded the speaker, emphatically.

The silent one reached up and pushed the bell to stop the bus. He turned and mumbled something to his friend and rose to leave.

Soon the speaker was alone with his thoughts. He sat there as if resolved about something. He was determined to hold onto his belief about this other person - and to make others believe it too. He seemed quite an unexcitable person, for one who spoke of "passion". Perhaps he meant something else by passion, to what is normally meant. Perhaps he just meant doing something because you wanted to: an inner drive.

I have noticed how often Singaporeans speak about "passion" but, oddly, it is difficult to recall meeting a passionate Singaporean.

For me, this conversation captured the way people in this society are cut off from each other, by their imagined stratifications - by the social status they hold onto, the cliques they form, the exclusions that make them feel special. "He is not one of us"...the boy said, as if it were a special thing to be "one of us"...to be just like the speaker. Looking at him, I saw no reason why anyone should desire to be "one of us", at all. Yet, for the speaker, there were reasons why they were a desirable type, that others should be pleased to be included in.

This kind of attitude that some people are above others and apart from them, is very Singaporean. It has even been heard on the lips of a Singaporean member of government referring to ordinary people as "lesser mortals". This is, in effect, just another way of saying: "They are not one of us".

Well, speaking as an outsider, a foreigner, who cannot, therefore, ever be "one of us"...I am quite pleased not to be so. Why, on Earth, should anyone wish to be part of a group that spends so much time, looking down on the rest of the world, for not being just like them? It seems to me to be an undesirable group to be a member of, in every way that it is possible to be undesirable.

Singapore speaks a lot about "unity" and "harmony" - but, in truth, it is neither unified nor harmonious. It is actually a country broken up into little islands filled with people thinking: "The others are not one of us". The truth is, elitism, in the sense of a set of self-appointed elites, is much closer to the truth of what Singapore is, than any notion of unity or harmony. Yet, these "elites" are not really elite in any objective sense. I don't see them as being genuinely superior to the people they think themselves superior to - they are just filled with a sense of their own importance and apartness and it is this which creates in them a sense of superiority. (Oh, and usually they have high salaries, too...sometimes very high).

It seems that the attitudes which end in government men referring to the rest of us as "lesser mortals" begin in the classroom, in schools around the country, with young boys (and, I assume girls), creating little elites for themselves, from which all others are excluded.

The funny thing is, I could say the same about those boys: "They are not like me"...but what purpose would that serve? In what way does that define a group worthy of being defined? It is empty talk, in the end. Yet, few realize this: they think such demarcations are worth defining their lives by. In truth, of course, all they are is artificial barriers between people and obstructions to free communication.

Singapore would be better off without this instinctive "elitism" that creates these attitudes. It would, in fact, be better off with genuine "elitism" founded on true differences in ability, rather than artificial social exclusion. I say this because clearly this boy they spoke of was performing as well as they were (otherwise why the need to create a distinction where none existed?) - but still they wanted to separate themselves from him. So, they created an artificial distinction to exclude this GENUINELY elite boy, from their "elite" circle. They wanted, in short, to say that despite his performance being of our kind, it was not to be accepted as being of our kind. Thus, they created social divisions where none should exist. That is unnecessary and unhelpful for Singapore. This nation would benefit from dissolving such barriers - not creating them out of nothing.

I wonder when this nation's leaders will learn that - and the schools too?

(If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to:http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.

IMDB is the Internet Movie Database for film and tv professionals.If you would like to look at my IMDb listing for which another fifteen credits are to be uploaded, (which will probably take several months before they are accepted) please go to: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3438598/ As I write, the listing is new and brief - however, by the time you read this it might have a dozen or a score of credits...so please do take a look. My son, Ainan Celeste Cawley, also has an IMDb listing. His is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3305973/ My wife, Syahidah Osman Cawley, has a listing as well. Hers is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3463926/

This blog is copyright Valentine Cawley. Unauthorized duplication prohibited. Use Only with Permission. Thank you.)

A land of queue jumpers.

Singapore is a land that has both many queues, and quite a few queue jumpers. Contrary to its international reputation for being law-abiding, I have often found that some Singaporeans ignore social rules, for selfish momentary gain. They think, in short, of nothing and no-one but themselves.

Yesterday, I was returning books to the library. I had about eight on me. In front of me there was a queue consisting of two groups of people, who waited one behind the other, to put their books in the return slot, at the library. (For those who don't know, this is an automated check in system, in which placing the book in the letter box like slot, automatically checks it in as "returned" in the computer system).

The first group had quite a few books, since they seemed to be returning books for several people, but I waited patiently, unable to see which books they had taken out. The second group had a man in it, who, oddly, had two female romance novels in his hand. He was Indian, of about fifty, with balding hair. Perhaps, however, he had a romantic heart - unless he was returning them for another. Yet, he was not wearing a ring. He held the books in his hand, a little jumpily: they jostled up and down, nervously, in his fingers and I felt, perhaps, that he was uncomfortable to be seen holding them.

At last he sidled away, leaving me to return my books. I began to do so, opening each one to check that nothing had been left between the pages. One book...in: light flashed. Two books: light flashed...flash...flash. I had returned four books, leaving four unreturned when a Chinese woman as old as the other man, perhaps five years older, appeared to my right hand side. She was readying two books in her hand and was moving them towards the chute, despite the fact that I had not yet finished.

I stared her in the eye and shook my head vigorously from side to side, to indicate that she was NOT to return her books, until I had finished.

She ignored me. Her hands leapt forward, then, at once, in a sudden motion and dropped the books in.

I was disgusted at her.

"What makes you think you can jump the queue?" I asked, looking down on her in more ways than my height invoked. Such people never reached the height of others, in moral terms.

"It is just two!", she defended before scuttling off like a cockroach that had been surprised in the kitchen, mid-feast.

"Stupid person!", I said, reflexively, as she departed. I hope she heard me...but doubt that she did.

So often, in Singapore, has this kind of scene played itself out, for me. So often have locals jumped the queue, to save themselves a few seconds - and to offend all who had patiently waited.

There is more to being a law-abiding society than obeying the laws that the police enforce (but often don't...but more of that in another post). There are also the social rules that should not be broken. In my eyes, the social rules are just as important - for they are what prevents society from degenerating into disruptive anarchy.

People like that woman go through their lives, cheating at every turn, putting themselves before all others and justifying it with such statements as "It is just two!" In other words, they believe that what they do is so minor as to be of no consequence: it is not. It is just not true. What they do disrupts the order of society, causes irritation and offence - and punishes everyone else for obeying the social rules out of consideration for everyone else.

There is, unfortunately, only one way the typical Singaporean queue jumper would stop jumping queues - and that is if it became genuinely illegal to do so, punishable by large fines, at the least. Then, we would see, an advent of order in the land's queues.

I had long wondered at why there are security cameras on the return books letter boxes. Now I think I know why: it is, perhaps, to monitor any fights that break out in the queues, over whom should put their books in next. You see, in many countries, queue jumping quite quickly leads to altercations. Perhaps, at times, it does in Singapore, too.

(If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to:http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.IMDB is the Internet Movie Database for film and tv professionals.

If you would like to look at my IMDb listing for which another fifteen credits are to be uploaded, (which will probably take several months before they are accepted) please go to: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3438598/ As I write, the listing is new and brief - however, by the time you read this it might have a dozen or a score of credits...so please do take a look. My son, Ainan Celeste Cawley, also has an IMDb listing. His is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3305973/ My wife, Syahidah Osman Cawley, has a listing as well. Hers is found at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3463926/

This blog is copyright Valentine Cawley. Unauthorized duplication prohibited. Use Only with Permission. Thank you.)