The value of long-term research.

Long-term research changes the world; short-term research just produces pocket change.

Singapore is a country with a short-term research focus - that is, research projects are selected based on their likely imminence of producing a financial return. The goal is not discovery or revelation - but simply the pursuit of immediate money. I have always thought this a foolish emphasis and one that it is likely to lead nowhere significant, ever.

If a country's research focus is only the short-term, no big project will be undertaken; no open-ended research will be undertaken; no accidental discoveries will be made; no world views will be overturned. Short-term research is what I call "safe science" - it is science of predictable outcome and product; it is science that never really adds anything new to the world. It is no surprise, therefore, that, in most areas (as I have read in several places) Singaporean research is relatively little cited. In other words, it is not thought to be worthy of much notice. The reason for this is clear: the science, itself, has aims too superficial and short-term to add much to the world, except the pocket change that local scientists' political masters, so crave.

In contrast to this focus on the short-term, I recently read the admirable tale of David Packard of Hewlett Packard. About 12 years ago, he called together some of his scientists and told them that HP was now large enough to support free research, unbounded by the needs of the business suits. He told them that he would leave them free to research "whatever they wanted", but that "molecular electronics would be nice". He further asked them to see if they could have something to show him in ten years time. He then gave the lead scientist R. Stanley Williams project funding and four co-workers and left them to get on with it.

Before I tell you the outcome of this story, I would like to point out that such creative freedom in science is relatively rare nowadays. As in Singapore, there is too often a focus on immediate returns on investment - as a consequence, most science being done is rubbish science, shallow and unlikely to produce anything of real merit - except a superficial, incremental improvement on something that already exists. Singapore is very unlikely to give any team of scientists the kind of freedom that David Packard did. Sadly, Singapore is not alone in this trend to the short-term - to the detriment of world science.

Now, twelve years after giving R. Stanley Williams scientific freedom, something very strange has happened. Williams has made a fourth electronic circuit element, the memristor (in addition to the existing capacitor, resistor and inductor). That may not mean anything to you, but it soon will - for the memristor promises to utterly change the world of computing.

A memristor is a "memory resistor" - it is a device that remembers the history of current that has passed through it. Furthermore, it needs no power to retain this memory. It behaves in an analogue fashion, being able to record any value, not just 0 and 1 - but it can be used in a digital fashion too (by assigning a certain level of response to a value 1 or 0).

What is interesting about a memristor is how it will change computers. With memristors for a memory storage device, computers will be able to store their entire state before a power loss - and resume where you left off, on start up, again. This means that the computer will not lose data and that there will be no boot up time. Memristors are a fairly fast and very dense form of memory storage (HP reckons they could make them as small as 4 nm - compared to present day transistors of 45 nm). This means that they could replace both RAM and hard drives in modern computers. It will also lead to very high memory storage capacity, very cheaply (since apparently they are cheap and simple to make). Furthermore, memristors will lead to much more powerful computers, since one memristor can, in some functions, take the place of at least 15 (much larger) transistors.

There is one further thought regarding memristors. Their analogue style of function, with weighted values, rather than just on and off, resembles that of a synapse in a neuron. Memristors open the way for human brain-like thinking in computers.

Hewlett Packard expect to have a prototype memristor chip out in 2009.

Now, what is basically a revolution in computing, has come about precisely because David Packard gave his scientists a free hand to do whatever they wanted. He did not restrain them. He did not demand results in "three to five years" (as a Singaporean head of research said to me, once, that he is not interested in anything that doesn't produce a financial return on that timescale). He just let them be. As a result, HP now look to spearhead a revolution in computing - and to make an absolute fortune in the process.

Thus, while the short-term view can produce almost immediate returns, it is the long-term view that can deliver the more dramatic changes - and the bigger fortunes. Singapore would do well to learn from HP's example.

As for David Packard and Hewlett Packard - they are to be congratulated on the biggest step forward in computing since the transistor - and all because they took the long-term view.

By the way, the memristor was first proposed as a theoretical device by Dr. Leon Chua, of the University of Berkeley in 1971. He looks set to get a Nobel Prize for his prescience - and no doubt R. Stanley Williams, too. Well done.

If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to: http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.)

Brother and the Great Printer Con.

Did you know that printers can be dishonest? Or should I say, that printer manufacturers design printers that lie to you?

How often has your printer refused to print by telling you that such and such a cartridge is "out of ink" "Low on ink" etc. etc.? Have you ever thought to check the offending cartridges? I have. In the case of my Brother MFC-240C printer the cartridges are usually fairly full of ink when it decides to reject them: ink sloshes in them and is visible in a little window. These are not empty cartridges, they have the heft and slosh of fairly full ones - yet my printer says they are empty and need changing. Now, who on Earth could have a motive for making a printer that lies? Well, Brother, of course, since they make the replacement cartridges and design those cartridges to make them non-interchangeable with others, so that you are forced to buy from Brother. I wouldn't mind this were it not for two obvious facts: prices of cartridges are inflated by this monopoly situation - and the cartridges are not even remotely empty when I am forced to change them.

What Brother (and I hear, other printer companies, too) are doing is illegal. There are even class law suits relating to this practice working their way through the US courts.

I, personally, will never buy another machine with the label "Brother" on it, after my experiences with this particular printer. Not only does it lie about when it needs new ink (it once asked for a new black ink cartridge the same day that I had just given it a new one - and I had printed nothing!); but it mangles paper as if that is its specific design purpose. On one particularly memorable day, it mangled paper on six consecutive attempts to get it to print one sheet of paper. This necessitated a lot of time pulling fragments of shredded paper out of its innards. As machines go, this printer is a piece of rubbish.

Of the two offences - printing incompetence and ink deception - ink deception is the harder to take, for it implies that the machine has been specifically designed to cheat each and every customer who buys it. That says a lot about the corporation that manufactures it.

So, the next time you are shopping for a printer, I would think of my story about the Brother brand. However, it might be difficult to find a brand that doesn't cheat you in this way for both Epson and Hewlett Packard are being sued, in class action suits, for just the same offence of which I have written. So, that is at least three brands to avoid in the matter of printers, then.

Good luck on your electronic shopping.

(If you would like to learn more of Ainan Celeste Cawley, a scientific child prodigy, aged eight years and seven months, or his gifted brothers, Fintan, five years exactly, and Tiarnan, twenty-eight months, please go to: http://scientific-child-prodigy.blogspot.com/2006/10/scientific-child-prodigy-guide.html I also write of gifted education, IQ, intelligence, the Irish, the Malays, Singapore, College, University, Chemistry, Science, genetics, left-handedness, precocity, child prodigy, child genius, baby genius, adult genius, savant, wunderkind, wonderkind, genio, гений ребенок prodigy, genie, μεγαλοφυία θαύμα παιδιών, bambino, kind.

We are the founders of Genghis Can, a copywriting, editing and proofreading agency, that handles all kinds of work, including technical and scientific material. If you need such services, or know someone who does, please go to: http://www.genghiscan.com/ Thanks.)